Key Elements:

When citing a journal article in APA style, 7th edition, ensure you include the following key elements:

• Author(s): Last name, First name initial(s).
• Publication Year: Enclosed in parentheses.
• Article Title: Sentence case, followed by a period.
• Journal Title: Italicized and in title case, followed by a comma.
• Volume and Issue: Italicized, followed by the issue number in parentheses without italicization.
• Page Range: Inclusive page numbers of the article.
• DOI (Digital Object Identifier): If available, preceded by “https://doi.org/”.
• URL: If there is no DOI, include the direct URL of the article.

1. Journal Article with a DOI:

Format:
Author, N. (Year). Title. Journal Title, Volume(Issue), Page range. https://doi.org/xxx

Example:
Smith, J. A., Johnson, M. R., & Davis, L. P. (2019). The impact of climate change on biodiversity. Environmental Science, 36(4), 123-135. https://doi.org/10.1080/1234567890

Parenthetical In-text Citation: (Smith et al., 2019)
Narrative In-text Citation: Smith et al. (2019) conducted a study on …

Notes:

• Italicize the journal title and volume number.
• Use sentence case for the article title.
• Include the DOI as a hyperlink.

2. Journal Article Without a DOI:

Format:
Author, N. (Year). Title. Journal Title, Volume(Issue), Page range. https://www.example.com

Example:
Miller, P. R., Anderson, K. M., & Thompson, S. C. (2020). Exploring new frontiers in space exploration. Astrophysical Journal, 28(3), 45-58. https://www.jstor.org/stable/123456789

Parenthetical In-text Citation: (Miller et al., 2020)
Narrative In-text Citation: Miller et al. (2020) discussed…

Notes:

• Italicize the journal title and volume number.
• Use sentence case for the article title.
• Include the full URL of the article as a hyperlink.